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== Clinical Summary ==
This 68-year-old white female was afflicted with severe emphysema due to alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. She had a 10 pack-year history of cigarette smoking but she had quit smoking 30 years ago. She elected to undergo lung volume reduction surgery to reduce complications of her emphysema. Post-operatively, she was ventilator dependent and her liver function declined. Further studies revealed hepatic cirrhosis. Her pulmonary function continued to decline and she died 26 days after her initial surgery.
== Autopsy Findings ==
There were severe emphysematous changes in all lung lobes and there was massive hemorrhage throughout the lungs (combined lung weight: 3510 grams). The liver weighed 860 grams and there was micronodular cirrhosis.
== Images ==
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