Clinical SummaryEdit
This 68-year-old white male had a local excision of a pigmented lesion (melanoma) on the skin of his back. Three years later he became aware of a "lump" in his left axilla. Examination confirmed the presence of a 2.3-cm nodular lesion. Subsequently, the patient underwent a surgical procedure for removal of axillary lymph nodes.
ImagesEdit
This is a gross photograph of skin with melanoma. Note the black pigment, multiple satellite nodules, and focal ulceration. Some of the satellite nodules affect the nipple.
This is a gross photograph of lymph nodes almost entirely replaced by black pigment (melanin).
This is a low-power photomicrograph of lymph node that is almost completely replaced/filled with tumor. This lymph node has a capsule (1) and some remaining lymphocytes (2) but the remainder of the node is replaced by tumor cells.
This higher-power photomicrograph shows the remaining portion of lymph node (arrow). The rest of the lymph node is invaded by a neoplasm composed of cells with lighter eosinophilic cytoplasm and pigment.
This is a higher-magnification showing the abundant extracellular melanin (arrows) surrounding the tumor cells. This section of neoplasm shows the numerous cells with abundant cytoplasm and brown pigment within the cytoplasm of some of these cells.
This is a higher magnification showing the abundant extracellular melanin surrounding the tumor cells (brown pigment).
This is a high-power photomicrograph of the main tumor mass with the cells growing as poorly formed nests and sheets of cells. There is little if any pigment in this section.
This is a high-power photomicrograph of the main tumor mass showing the cellular details. The individual melanoma cells contain large nuclei with irregular contours having chromatin clumped at the periphery of the nuclear membrane and prominent red (eosinophilic) nucleoli.
Nodular hyperplasia of the prostate--characterized by large discrete prostatic nodules--is a common disorder in men over 50 years of age. The nodules cause the prostate to be enlarged and to have an increased weight. The human prostate is surrounded by a restrictive capsule. These nodules cause increased pressure within the capsule which leads to constriction of the urethra as it passes through the prostate. Urethral constriction leads to retention of urine.