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File:IPLab5Downs6.jpg|This is a karyotype of a patient with Turner syndrome (45, X).
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== Study Questions ==
* <spoiler text="Why are alpha-fetoprotein levels tested in maternal serum? What is the significance of a low alpha-fetoprotein level?">Increased or decreased alpha-fetoprotein levels are indicative of neural tube defects or Down syndrome, respectively. A low alpha-fetoprotein level along with low unconjugated estriol and elevated hCG suggest an increased risk for Down syndrome. Further testing is warranted.</spoiler>
* <spoiler text="What is the most common cause of trisomy?">Meiotic nondisjunction.</spoiler>
* <spoiler text="What are some common physical/clinical abnormalities seen in Down syndrome?">Epicanthic folds and flat facial profile, low set ears, simian crease, congenital heart defects, intestinal stenosis, umbilical hernia, hypotonia, predisposition to leukemia.</spoiler>
{{IPLab 5}}
[[Category: IPLab:Lab 5]]