# have chronic disease but are essentially free of symptoms or disability.

Both constitute reservoirs of infection. HBV infection early in life, particularly via vertical transmission during childbirth, produces a carrier state 90 to 95% of the time. In contrast, only 1 to 10% of adult infections yield a carrier state. Individuals with impaired immunity are more likely to become carriers.</spoiler>

{{IPLab 8}}

[[Category: IPLab:Lab 8]]