Difference between revisions of "IPLab:Lab 8:Hepatitis B"

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== Clinical Summary ==
 
== Clinical Summary ==
  
This was a 55-year-old white male with chronic renal failure who acquired hepatitis B virus (HBV) in a renal dialysis unit. Death was the result of multiple disease processes, which included active pulmonary tuberculosis and heart failure due to ischemic heart disease. There were few or no symptoms or signs of hepatitis during life other than seroconversion from negative to HBsAg positive.  
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This was a 55-year-old white male with chronic renal failure who acquired hepatitis B virus (HBV) in a renal dialysis unit. Death was the result of multiple disease processes, which included active pulmonary tuberculosis and heart failure due to ischemic heart disease. There were few or no symptoms or signs of hepatitis during life other than seroconversion from negative to HBsAg positive.
  
== Autopsy Findings ==
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At autopsy, the liver was enlarged due primarily to severe passive congestion.
 
 
At autopsy, the liver was enlarged due primarily to severe passive congestion.  
 
  
 
== Images ==
 
== Images ==
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File:IPLab8HBV10.jpg|This high-power photomicrograph of the previous section shows the HBcAg positive nuclei (arrows).  
 
File:IPLab8HBV10.jpg|This high-power photomicrograph of the previous section shows the HBcAg positive nuclei (arrows).  
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
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== Virtual Microscopy ==
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<peir-vm>IPLab8HBV</peir-vm>
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== Study Questions ==
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* <spoiler text="What sorts of clinical/pathologic syndromes can occur after infection with HBV?">HBV can produce:
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# acute hepatitis,
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# chronic nonprogressive hepatitis,
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# progressive chronic disease ending in cirrhosis,
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# fulminant hepatitis with massive liver necrosis, and
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# an asymptomatic carrier state with or without progressive disease.</spoiler>
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* <spoiler text="What is the association between HBV and hepatocellular carcinoma?">There is a strong association between HBV infection and the occurrence of liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma). In Taiwan, HBV infected people have a greater than 200-fold increased risk of developing liver cancer as compared with uninfected individuals. However, the precise role of HBV in the causation of human liver cancer is not clear.</spoiler>
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* <spoiler text="What are the characteristics of the hepatitis B 'carrier state'?">With hepatotropic viruses, there are those who:
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# harbor one of the viruses but suffer little or no adverse effects (a "healthy" carrier) and those who
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# have chronic disease but are essentially free of symptoms or disability.
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Both constitute reservoirs of infection. HBV infection early in life, particularly via vertical transmission during childbirth, produces a carrier state 90 to 95% of the time. In contrast, only 1 to 10% of adult infections yield a carrier state. Individuals with impaired immunity are more likely to become carriers.</spoiler>
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== Additional Resources ==
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=== Reference ===
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* [http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/177632-overview eMedicine Medical Library: Hepatitis B]
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* [http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/hepatic_and_biliary_disorders/hepatitis/acute_viral_hepatitis.html Merck Manual: Acute Viral Hepatitis]
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* [http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/infections_in_neonates/neonatal_hepatitis_b_virus_infection.html Merck Manual: Neonatal Hepatitis B Virus Infection]
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=== Journal Articles ===
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* Merle P, Trepo C.  [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11703569 Therapeutic management of hepatitis B-related cirrhosis].  ''J Viral Hepat'' 2001 Nov;8(6):391-9.
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=== Images ===
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* [{{SERVER}}/library/index.php?/tags/115-hepatitis PEIR Digital Library: Hepatitis Images]
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* [http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/LIVEHTML/LIVERIDX.html#5 WebPath: Viral Hepatitis]
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== Related IPLab Cases ==
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* [[IPLab:Lab 4:Chronic Passive Congestion|Lab 4: Liver: Chronic Passive Congestion]]
  
 
{{IPLab 8}}
 
{{IPLab 8}}
  
 
[[Category: IPLab:Lab 8]]
 
[[Category: IPLab:Lab 8]]

Latest revision as of 21:39, 9 July 2020

Clinical Summary[edit]

This was a 55-year-old white male with chronic renal failure who acquired hepatitis B virus (HBV) in a renal dialysis unit. Death was the result of multiple disease processes, which included active pulmonary tuberculosis and heart failure due to ischemic heart disease. There were few or no symptoms or signs of hepatitis during life other than seroconversion from negative to HBsAg positive.

At autopsy, the liver was enlarged due primarily to severe passive congestion.

Images[edit]

Virtual Microscopy[edit]

Study Questions[edit]


Additional Resources[edit]

Reference[edit]

Journal Articles[edit]

Images[edit]

Related IPLab Cases[edit]

Renal failure is the severe reduction of renal function and often leads to reduced urinary output.

Cirrhosis is a liver disease characterized by necrosis, fibrosis, loss of normal liver architecture, and hyperplastic nodules.

The normal fibrinogen level is 184 to 412 mg/dL.