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;confined within the prostatic capsule
:Prostate carcinomas spread through the capsule at an early stage, thus these nodules are more likely not to be cancer.
; meningocele
:A meningocele is the herniation of the CSF-filled meningeal sac through a vertebral defect.
;neurogenic bladder
:Neurogenic bladder is a dysfunction of the bladder caused by a nervous system lesion.
;renal calculus
:A renal calculus is a "kidney stone."
;nephrolithiasis
:Nephrolithiasis is the presence of a urinary calculus within the kidney.
;hesitancy
:Hesitancy is the inability to begin the stream of urine.
;urgency
:Urgency is the experience of an intense and immediate desire to void.
;cystoscopy
:Cystoscopy is the direct visual examination of the bladder via a cystoscope.
;diverticulum
:A bladder diverticulum is an out-pouching of the bladder wall, usually caused by chronic urethral obstruction.