* <spoiler text="What is the most common cause of chronic passive congestion of the liver?">Right-sided heart failure. Also, obstruction of the inferior vena cava or hepatic vein (usually associated with neoplasia and/or a hypercoagulable state leading to thrombosis) can cause hepatic congestion</spoiler>

* <spoiler text="Why is the central vein region most severely affected by chronic passive congestion?">The central vein region is farthest away from the arterial (oxygenated) blood so this region has the lowest oxygen tension anyway. With congestion and stasis, this central vein region becomes hypoxic which results in liver cell atrophy and necrosis. The peripheral regions are hypoxic but and develop fatty change. Thus, the dark red, congested, and necrotic central vein region that is surrounded by yellow fatty change gives the morphology that is termed "nutmeg liver."</spoiler>

{{IPLab 4}}

[[Category: IPLab:Lab 4]]