IPLab:Lab 9:Diphtheria - Revision history

Peter Anderson: /* Clinical Summary */

2020-07-09T21:43:55Z

‎Clinical Summary

2020-07-09T21:43:41Z

‎Autopsy Findings

2014-01-03T16:31:50Z

2013-08-30T01:43:37Z

‎Images

2013-08-24T02:06:15Z

‎Related IPLab Cases

2013-08-24T02:06:03Z

‎Journal Articles

2013-08-24T02:04:14Z

‎Reference

2013-08-24T02:02:58Z

‎Images

2013-08-23T04:23:31Z

2013-08-21T15:56:19Z

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 == Clinical Summary ==
 This 4-year-old black female had an upper respiratory infection and a sore throat with increasing difficulty in breathing. Membranous exudate over one tonsil led to a working diagnosis of diphtheria, and the child was admitted. On the day of her admission, the child developed signs of respiratory tract obstruction and a tracheotomy was performed. However, the procedure was unable to establish a patent airway and the child died.
 == Images ==

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 == Clinical Summary ==
 This 4-year-old black female had an upper respiratory infection and a sore throat with increasing difficulty in breathing. Membranous exudate over one tonsil led to a working diagnosis of diphtheria, and the child was admitted. On the day of her admission, the child developed signs of respiratory tract obstruction and a tracheotomy was performed. However, the procedure was unable to establish a patent airway and the child died.
 == Images ==

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 File:IPLab9Diphtheria4.jpg|In this higher-power photomicrograph of the tissue from the previous image, the ulcerated tracheal mucosa and the diphtheritic membrane are more clearly seen. Although difficult to make out at this magnification, most of the cells in this inflammatory exudate are neutrophils.
 </gallery>
 == Study Questions ==

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 === Images ===
-* [http://peir.path.uab.edu/library/index.php?/tags/2152-diphtheria PEIR Digital Library: Diphtheria Images]
+* [{{SERVER}}/library/index.php?/tags/2152-diphtheria PEIR Digital Library: Diphtheria Images]
 * [http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/LUNGHTML/LUNGIDX.html#1 WebPath: Pneumonias]

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 * [http://peir.path.uab.edu/library/index.php?/tags/2152-diphtheria PEIR Digital Library: Diphtheria Images]
 * [http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/LUNGHTML/LUNGIDX.html#1 WebPath: Pneumonias]
 {{IPLab 9}}
 [[Category: IPLab:Lab 9]]

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 === Journal Articles ===
+* Zakikhany K, Efstratiou A.  [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22568715 Diphtheria in Europe: current problems and new challenges].  ''Future Microbiol'' 2012 May;7(5):595-607.
 === Images ===

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 == Additional Resources ==
 === Reference ===
+* [http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/782051-overview eMedicine Medical Library: Diphtheria]
 === Journal Articles ===

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 * <spoiler text="What toxins are involved in the pathogenesis of diphtheria?">C. diphtheriae has only one toxin, which is encoded by a lysogenic phage. Thus, C. diphtheriae cannot cause diphtheria unless the phage first infects the bacteria and provides it with the DNA necessary for production of the toxin.</spoiler>
 * <spoiler text="How does diphtheria toxin cause cell killing?">The toxin is composed of fragment B that attaches to host cells and fragment A which is linked to fragment B by a disulfide bridge. Bound diphtheria toxin enters the acidic endosome of cells, fuses with the endosomal membrane, and then enters the cell cytoplasm. There the disulfide bond of the toxin is broken, releasing the enzymatically active fragment A which then catalyzes the covalent transfer of adenosine diphosphate ribose (ADPR) from nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) to EF-2. EF-2, a ribosomal elongation factor necessary for protein synthesis, is thus inactivated. One molecule of diphtheria toxin can kill a cell by ADP-ribosylating more than a million EF-2 molecules.</spoiler>
 {{IPLab 9}}
 [[Category: IPLab:Lab 9]]