IPLab:Lab 2:Metaplasia - Revision history

Peter Anderson: /* Images */

2020-06-19T21:46:26Z

Images

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:46, 19 June 2020
Line 8:		Line 8:
	== Images ==		== Images ==
	<gallery heights="250px" widths="250px">		<gallery heights="250px" widths="250px">
	File:IPLab2Metaplasia1b.~~jpg~~\| Gross photograph of this kidney with a stone (arrow) in the renal pelvis.		File:IPLab2Metaplasia1b.JPG\| Gross photograph of this kidney with a stone (arrow) in the renal pelvis.
	File:IPLab2Metaplasia2b.~~jpg~~\| This is a low-power photomicrograph showing the full cortical and medullary thickness of the kidney. Note that there is a dilated calyx containing some red blood cells in the center of the section (arrow). The cortex is markedly thin and has severe lesions of degeneration and atrophy, although these are hard to appreciate at this low magnification.		File:IPLab2Metaplasia2b.JPG\| This is a low-power photomicrograph showing the full cortical and medullary thickness of the kidney. Note that there is a dilated calyx containing some red blood cells in the center of the section (arrow). The cortex is markedly thin and has severe lesions of degeneration and atrophy, although these are hard to appreciate at this low magnification.
	File:IPLab2Metaplasia3b.jpg\|This higher-power photomicrograph demonstrates the transitional epithelium lining the renal calyx (1) and the junction (transition zone) to a thicker hyperplastic epithelium (2). Note the inflammatory cells and increased vascular response in the stromal tissue (3) lying beneath the epithelium.		File:IPLab2Metaplasia3b.jpg\|This higher-power photomicrograph demonstrates the transitional epithelium lining the renal calyx (1) and the junction (transition zone) to a thicker hyperplastic epithelium (2). Note the inflammatory cells and increased vascular response in the stromal tissue (3) lying beneath the epithelium.
	File:IPLab2Metaplasia4b.jpg\|A higher-power view shows more normal epithelium (1) with a transition to hyperplastic and metaplastic epithelium (2). Note the inflammatory cells in the subepithelial tissue.		File:IPLab2Metaplasia4b.jpg\|A higher-power view shows more normal epithelium (1) with a transition to hyperplastic and metaplastic epithelium (2). Note the inflammatory cells in the subepithelial tissue.

Peter Anderson: /* Images */

2020-06-19T21:37:34Z

Images

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:37, 19 June 2020
Line 9:		Line 9:
	<gallery heights="250px" widths="250px">		<gallery heights="250px" widths="250px">
	File:IPLab2Metaplasia1b.jpg\| Gross photograph of this kidney with a stone (arrow) in the renal pelvis.		File:IPLab2Metaplasia1b.jpg\| Gross photograph of this kidney with a stone (arrow) in the renal pelvis.
	File:~~IPLab2Metaplasia2x~~.jpg\| This is a low-power photomicrograph showing the full cortical and medullary thickness of the kidney. Note that there is a dilated calyx containing some red blood cells in the center of the section (arrow). The cortex is markedly thin and has severe lesions of degeneration and atrophy, although these are hard to appreciate at this low magnification.		File:IPLab2Metaplasia2b.jpg\| This is a low-power photomicrograph showing the full cortical and medullary thickness of the kidney. Note that there is a dilated calyx containing some red blood cells in the center of the section (arrow). The cortex is markedly thin and has severe lesions of degeneration and atrophy, although these are hard to appreciate at this low magnification.
	File:IPLab2Metaplasia3b.jpg\|This higher-power photomicrograph demonstrates the transitional epithelium lining the renal calyx (1) and the junction (transition zone) to a thicker hyperplastic epithelium (2). Note the inflammatory cells and increased vascular response in the stromal tissue (3) lying beneath the epithelium.		File:IPLab2Metaplasia3b.jpg\|This higher-power photomicrograph demonstrates the transitional epithelium lining the renal calyx (1) and the junction (transition zone) to a thicker hyperplastic epithelium (2). Note the inflammatory cells and increased vascular response in the stromal tissue (3) lying beneath the epithelium.
	File:IPLab2Metaplasia4b.jpg\|A higher-power view shows more normal epithelium (1) with a transition to hyperplastic and metaplastic epithelium (2). Note the inflammatory cells in the subepithelial tissue.		File:IPLab2Metaplasia4b.jpg\|A higher-power view shows more normal epithelium (1) with a transition to hyperplastic and metaplastic epithelium (2). Note the inflammatory cells in the subepithelial tissue.

Peter Anderson: /* Images */

2020-06-19T21:23:43Z

Images

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:23, 19 June 2020
Line 8:		Line 8:
	== Images ==		== Images ==
	<gallery heights="250px" widths="250px">		<gallery heights="250px" widths="250px">
	File:IPLab2Metaplasia1b.jpg\|Gross photograph of this kidney with a stone (arrow) in the renal pelvis.		File:IPLab2Metaplasia1b.jpg\| Gross photograph of this kidney with a stone (arrow) in the renal pelvis.
	File:IPLab2Metaplasia2x.jpg\|This is a low-power photomicrograph showing the full cortical and medullary thickness of the kidney. Note that there is a dilated calyx containing some red blood cells in the center of the section (arrow). The cortex is markedly thin and has severe lesions of degeneration and atrophy, although these are hard to appreciate at this low magnification.		File:IPLab2Metaplasia2x.jpg\| This is a low-power photomicrograph showing the full cortical and medullary thickness of the kidney. Note that there is a dilated calyx containing some red blood cells in the center of the section (arrow). The cortex is markedly thin and has severe lesions of degeneration and atrophy, although these are hard to appreciate at this low magnification.
	File:IPLab2Metaplasia3b.jpg\|This higher-power photomicrograph demonstrates the transitional epithelium lining the renal calyx (1) and the junction (transition zone) to a thicker hyperplastic epithelium (2). Note the inflammatory cells and increased vascular response in the stromal tissue (3) lying beneath the epithelium.		File:IPLab2Metaplasia3b.jpg\|This higher-power photomicrograph demonstrates the transitional epithelium lining the renal calyx (1) and the junction (transition zone) to a thicker hyperplastic epithelium (2). Note the inflammatory cells and increased vascular response in the stromal tissue (3) lying beneath the epithelium.
	File:IPLab2Metaplasia4b.jpg\|A higher-power view shows more normal epithelium (1) with a transition to hyperplastic and metaplastic epithelium (2). Note the inflammatory cells in the subepithelial tissue.		File:IPLab2Metaplasia4b.jpg\|A higher-power view shows more normal epithelium (1) with a transition to hyperplastic and metaplastic epithelium (2). Note the inflammatory cells in the subepithelial tissue.

Peter Anderson: /* Images */

2020-06-19T21:21:58Z

Images

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:21, 19 June 2020
Line 9:		Line 9:
	<gallery heights="250px" widths="250px">		<gallery heights="250px" widths="250px">
	File:IPLab2Metaplasia1b.jpg\|Gross photograph of this kidney with a stone (arrow) in the renal pelvis.		File:IPLab2Metaplasia1b.jpg\|Gross photograph of this kidney with a stone (arrow) in the renal pelvis.
	File:~~IPLab2Metaplasia2b~~.jpg\|This is a low-power photomicrograph showing the full cortical and medullary thickness of the kidney. Note that there is a dilated calyx containing some red blood cells in the center of the section (arrow). The cortex is markedly thin and has severe lesions of degeneration and atrophy, although these are hard to appreciate at this low magnification.		File:IPLab2Metaplasia2x.jpg\|This is a low-power photomicrograph showing the full cortical and medullary thickness of the kidney. Note that there is a dilated calyx containing some red blood cells in the center of the section (arrow). The cortex is markedly thin and has severe lesions of degeneration and atrophy, although these are hard to appreciate at this low magnification.
	File:IPLab2Metaplasia3b.jpg\|This higher-power photomicrograph demonstrates the transitional epithelium lining the renal calyx (1) and the junction (transition zone) to a thicker hyperplastic epithelium (2). Note the inflammatory cells and increased vascular response in the stromal tissue (3) lying beneath the epithelium.		File:IPLab2Metaplasia3b.jpg\|This higher-power photomicrograph demonstrates the transitional epithelium lining the renal calyx (1) and the junction (transition zone) to a thicker hyperplastic epithelium (2). Note the inflammatory cells and increased vascular response in the stromal tissue (3) lying beneath the epithelium.
	File:IPLab2Metaplasia4b.jpg\|A higher-power view shows more normal epithelium (1) with a transition to hyperplastic and metaplastic epithelium (2). Note the inflammatory cells in the subepithelial tissue.		File:IPLab2Metaplasia4b.jpg\|A higher-power view shows more normal epithelium (1) with a transition to hyperplastic and metaplastic epithelium (2). Note the inflammatory cells in the subepithelial tissue.

Peter Anderson: /* Images */

2020-06-19T21:00:44Z

Images

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:00, 19 June 2020
Line 8:		Line 8:
	== Images ==		== Images ==
	<gallery heights="250px" widths="250px">		<gallery heights="250px" widths="250px">
	File:~~IPLab2Metaplasia1~~.jpg\|This is a low-power photomicrograph showing the full cortical and medullary thickness of the kidney. Note that there is a dilated calyx containing some red blood cells in the center of the section (arrow). The cortex is markedly thin and has severe lesions of degeneration and atrophy, although these are hard to appreciate at this low magnification.		File:IPLab2Metaplasia1b.jpg\|Gross photograph of this kidney with a stone (arrow) in the renal pelvis.
	File:~~IPLab2Metaplasia2~~.jpg\|This ~~high~~-power photomicrograph demonstrates the transitional epithelium lining the renal calyx (1) and the junction (transition zone) to a thicker hyperplastic epithelium (2). Note the inflammatory cells and increased vascular response in the stromal tissue (3) lying beneath the ~~normal transitional~~ epithelium.		File:IPLab2Metaplasia2b.jpg\|This is a low-power photomicrograph showing the full cortical and medullary thickness of the kidney. Note that there is a dilated calyx containing some red blood cells in the center of the section (arrow). The cortex is markedly thin and has severe lesions of degeneration and atrophy, although these are hard to appreciate at this low magnification.
	File:~~IPLab2Metaplasia3~~.jpg\|A higher-power view shows ~~the junction of~~ normal epithelium (1) with hyperplastic ~~transitional~~ epithelium (2). Note the inflammatory cells in the subepithelial tissue.		File:IPLab2Metaplasia3b.jpg\|This higher-power photomicrograph demonstrates the transitional epithelium lining the renal calyx (1) and the junction (transition zone) to a thicker hyperplastic epithelium (2). Note the inflammatory cells and increased vascular response in the stromal tissue (3) lying beneath the epithelium.
	File:~~IPLab2Metaplasia4.jpg\|This is a higher-power photomicrograph of the junction of normal epithelium (1) with hyperplastic transitional epithelium (2).~~		File:IPLab2Metaplasia4b.jpg\|A higher-power view shows more normal epithelium (1) with a transition to hyperplastic and metaplastic epithelium (2). Note the inflammatory cells in the subepithelial tissue.
	~~File:IPLab2Metaplasia5~~.jpg\|In areas ~~adjacent to~~ the ~~normal transitional~~ epithelium~~, there are areas~~ of epithelium (arrows) ~~where the epithelial cells have the character of normal squamous epithelium~~ as found in the dermis. However, squamous epithelium is not normal in the renal pelvis. This adaptive change is referred to as squamous metaplasia.		File:IPLab2Metaplasia5b.jpg\|In some areas the epithelium takes on morphologic characteristics of squamous epithelium (arrows) as found in the dermis. However, squamous epithelium is not normal in the renal pelvis. This adaptive change is referred to as squamous metaplasia.
	~~File:IPLab2Metaplasia6.jpg\|A high-power photomicrograph of the squamous epithelium shows inflammatory cells in the subepithelial tissue and the formation of keratinized epithelium (arrows).~~
	~~File:IPLab2Metaplasia7.jpg\|This is a photomicrograph of the trachea from a smoker. Note that the columnar ciliated epithelium has been replaced by squamous epithelium~~.
	</gallery>		</gallery>

Peter Anderson: /* Study Questions */

2015-11-08T21:37:02Z

Study Questions

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:37, 8 November 2015
Line 27:		Line 27:
	* <spoiler text="What is a neurogenic bladder and what complications may result from this condition?">A neurogenic bladder is any condition or dysfunction of the urinary bladder caused by a lesion of the central or peripheral nervous system. Complications primarily include stasis, infection, and stone formation.</spoiler>		* <spoiler text="What is a neurogenic bladder and what complications may result from this condition?">A neurogenic bladder is any condition or dysfunction of the urinary bladder caused by a lesion of the central or peripheral nervous system. Complications primarily include stasis, infection, and stone formation.</spoiler>
	* <spoiler text="What factors in this case predisposed to nephrolithiasis?">Stasis and infection.</spoiler>		* <spoiler text="What factors in this case predisposed to nephrolithiasis?">Stasis and infection.</spoiler>
	* <spoiler text="Does this metaplastic process predispose to neoplasia?">~~Yes~~.</spoiler>		* <spoiler text="Does this metaplastic process predispose to neoplasia?">No.</spoiler>

	== Additional Resources ==		== Additional Resources ==

Peter Anderson: /* Journal Articles */

2015-09-17T18:28:58Z

Journal Articles

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:28, 17 September 2015
Line 40:		Line 40:
	=== Journal Articles ===		=== Journal Articles ===
	* Barbera M, Fitzgerald RC. [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055320709000180 Cellular Mechanisms of Barrett's Esophagus Development]. ''Surg Oncol Clin N Am '' 2009 18:393–410.		* Barbera M, Fitzgerald RC. [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055320709000180 Cellular Mechanisms of Barrett's Esophagus Development]. ''Surg Oncol Clin N Am '' 2009 18:393–410.
	* Spechler SJ and Souza RF. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1314704 Barrett’s Esophagus]. ''N Engl J Med'' 2014;371:836-45.		* Spechler SJ and Souza RF. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1314704 Barrett’s Esophagus]. ''N Engl J Med'' 2014 371:836-45.
	* Barbera M, Fitzgerald RC. [http://www.biochemsoctrans.org/content/38/2/370 Cellular origin of Barrett’s metaplasia and oesophageal stem cells]. ''Biochem. Soc. Trans'' 2010 38:370–373.		* Barbera M, Fitzgerald RC. [http://www.biochemsoctrans.org/content/38/2/370 Cellular origin of Barrett’s metaplasia and oesophageal stem cells]. ''Biochem. Soc. Trans'' 2010 38:370–373.
	* Mills JC and Sansom OJ. [http://stke.sciencemag.org/content/8/385/re8.full Reserve stem cells: Differentiated cells reprogram to fuel repair, metaplasia, and neoplasia in the adult gastrointestinal tract]. ''Sci. Signal'' 2015 8(385):re8.		* Mills JC and Sansom OJ. [http://stke.sciencemag.org/content/8/385/re8.full Reserve stem cells: Differentiated cells reprogram to fuel repair, metaplasia, and neoplasia in the adult gastrointestinal tract]. ''Sci. Signal'' 2015 8(385):re8.
			* Clouston B and Lawrentschuk N. [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bju.12378/full Metaplastic conditions of the bladder]. ''BJU Int''2013 112(Suppl 2):27-31.

	=== Images ===		=== Images ===

Peter Anderson: /* Journal Articles */

2015-09-17T18:20:18Z

Journal Articles

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:20, 17 September 2015
Line 42:		Line 42:
	* Spechler SJ and Souza RF. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1314704 Barrett’s Esophagus]. ''N Engl J Med'' 2014;371:836-45.		* Spechler SJ and Souza RF. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1314704 Barrett’s Esophagus]. ''N Engl J Med'' 2014;371:836-45.
	* Barbera M, Fitzgerald RC. [http://www.biochemsoctrans.org/content/38/2/370 Cellular origin of Barrett’s metaplasia and oesophageal stem cells]. ''Biochem. Soc. Trans'' 2010 38:370–373.		* Barbera M, Fitzgerald RC. [http://www.biochemsoctrans.org/content/38/2/370 Cellular origin of Barrett’s metaplasia and oesophageal stem cells]. ''Biochem. Soc. Trans'' 2010 38:370–373.
	* Mills JC and Sansom OJ. [http://stke.sciencemag.org/content/8/385/re8.full Reserve stem cells: Differentiated cells reprogram to fuel repair, metaplasia, and neoplasia in the adult gastrointestinal tract]. ''Sci. Signal'' 2015 ~~Vol.~~ 8~~, Issue~~ 385~~, pp.~~ re8.		* Mills JC and Sansom OJ. [http://stke.sciencemag.org/content/8/385/re8.full Reserve stem cells: Differentiated cells reprogram to fuel repair, metaplasia, and neoplasia in the adult gastrointestinal tract]. ''Sci. Signal'' 2015 8(385):re8.

	=== Images ===		=== Images ===

Peter Anderson: /* Journal Articles */

2015-09-17T18:19:42Z

Journal Articles

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:19, 17 September 2015
Line 42:		Line 42:
	* Spechler SJ and Souza RF. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1314704 Barrett’s Esophagus]. ''N Engl J Med'' 2014;371:836-45.		* Spechler SJ and Souza RF. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1314704 Barrett’s Esophagus]. ''N Engl J Med'' 2014;371:836-45.
	* Barbera M, Fitzgerald RC. [http://www.biochemsoctrans.org/content/38/2/370 Cellular origin of Barrett’s metaplasia and oesophageal stem cells]. ''Biochem. Soc. Trans'' 2010 38:370–373.		* Barbera M, Fitzgerald RC. [http://www.biochemsoctrans.org/content/38/2/370 Cellular origin of Barrett’s metaplasia and oesophageal stem cells]. ''Biochem. Soc. Trans'' 2010 38:370–373.
			* Mills JC and Sansom OJ. [http://stke.sciencemag.org/content/8/385/re8.full Reserve stem cells: Differentiated cells reprogram to fuel repair, metaplasia, and neoplasia in the adult gastrointestinal tract]. ''Sci. Signal'' 2015 Vol. 8, Issue 385, pp. re8.

	=== Images ===		=== Images ===

Peter Anderson: /* Journal Articles */

2015-09-17T18:09:50Z

Journal Articles

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:09, 17 September 2015
Line 41:		Line 41:
	* Barbera M, Fitzgerald RC. [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055320709000180 Cellular Mechanisms of Barrett's Esophagus Development]. ''Surg Oncol Clin N Am '' 2009 18:393–410.		* Barbera M, Fitzgerald RC. [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055320709000180 Cellular Mechanisms of Barrett's Esophagus Development]. ''Surg Oncol Clin N Am '' 2009 18:393–410.
	* Spechler SJ and Souza RF. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1314704 Barrett’s Esophagus]. ''N Engl J Med'' 2014;371:836-45.		* Spechler SJ and Souza RF. [http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1314704 Barrett’s Esophagus]. ''N Engl J Med'' 2014;371:836-45.
	* Barbera M, Fitzgerald RC. [http://www.biochemsoctrans.org/content/38/2/370 Cellular origin of Barrett’s metaplasia and		* Barbera M, Fitzgerald RC. [http://www.biochemsoctrans.org/content/38/2/370 Cellular origin of Barrett’s metaplasia and oesophageal stem cells]. ''Biochem. Soc. Trans'' 2010 38:370–373.
	oesophageal stem cells]. ''Biochem. Soc. Trans'' 2010 38:370–373.

	=== Images ===		=== Images ===

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:37, 19 June 2020
Line 9:		Line 9:
	<gallery heights="250px" widths="250px">		<gallery heights="250px" widths="250px">
	File:IPLab2Metaplasia1b.jpg\| Gross photograph of this kidney with a stone (arrow) in the renal pelvis.		File:IPLab2Metaplasia1b.jpg\| Gross photograph of this kidney with a stone (arrow) in the renal pelvis.
	File:~~IPLab2Metaplasia2x~~.jpg\| This is a low-power photomicrograph showing the full cortical and medullary thickness of the kidney. Note that there is a dilated calyx containing some red blood cells in the center of the section (arrow). The cortex is markedly thin and has severe lesions of degeneration and atrophy, although these are hard to appreciate at this low magnification.		File:IPLab2Metaplasia2b.jpg\| This is a low-power photomicrograph showing the full cortical and medullary thickness of the kidney. Note that there is a dilated calyx containing some red blood cells in the center of the section (arrow). The cortex is markedly thin and has severe lesions of degeneration and atrophy, although these are hard to appreciate at this low magnification.
	File:IPLab2Metaplasia3b.jpg\|This higher-power photomicrograph demonstrates the transitional epithelium lining the renal calyx (1) and the junction (transition zone) to a thicker hyperplastic epithelium (2). Note the inflammatory cells and increased vascular response in the stromal tissue (3) lying beneath the epithelium.		File:IPLab2Metaplasia3b.jpg\|This higher-power photomicrograph demonstrates the transitional epithelium lining the renal calyx (1) and the junction (transition zone) to a thicker hyperplastic epithelium (2). Note the inflammatory cells and increased vascular response in the stromal tissue (3) lying beneath the epithelium.
	File:IPLab2Metaplasia4b.jpg\|A higher-power view shows more normal epithelium (1) with a transition to hyperplastic and metaplastic epithelium (2). Note the inflammatory cells in the subepithelial tissue.		File:IPLab2Metaplasia4b.jpg\|A higher-power view shows more normal epithelium (1) with a transition to hyperplastic and metaplastic epithelium (2). Note the inflammatory cells in the subepithelial tissue.

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:21, 19 June 2020
Line 9:		Line 9:
	<gallery heights="250px" widths="250px">		<gallery heights="250px" widths="250px">
	File:IPLab2Metaplasia1b.jpg\|Gross photograph of this kidney with a stone (arrow) in the renal pelvis.		File:IPLab2Metaplasia1b.jpg\|Gross photograph of this kidney with a stone (arrow) in the renal pelvis.
	File:~~IPLab2Metaplasia2b~~.jpg\|This is a low-power photomicrograph showing the full cortical and medullary thickness of the kidney. Note that there is a dilated calyx containing some red blood cells in the center of the section (arrow). The cortex is markedly thin and has severe lesions of degeneration and atrophy, although these are hard to appreciate at this low magnification.		File:IPLab2Metaplasia2x.jpg\|This is a low-power photomicrograph showing the full cortical and medullary thickness of the kidney. Note that there is a dilated calyx containing some red blood cells in the center of the section (arrow). The cortex is markedly thin and has severe lesions of degeneration and atrophy, although these are hard to appreciate at this low magnification.
	File:IPLab2Metaplasia3b.jpg\|This higher-power photomicrograph demonstrates the transitional epithelium lining the renal calyx (1) and the junction (transition zone) to a thicker hyperplastic epithelium (2). Note the inflammatory cells and increased vascular response in the stromal tissue (3) lying beneath the epithelium.		File:IPLab2Metaplasia3b.jpg\|This higher-power photomicrograph demonstrates the transitional epithelium lining the renal calyx (1) and the junction (transition zone) to a thicker hyperplastic epithelium (2). Note the inflammatory cells and increased vascular response in the stromal tissue (3) lying beneath the epithelium.
	File:IPLab2Metaplasia4b.jpg\|A higher-power view shows more normal epithelium (1) with a transition to hyperplastic and metaplastic epithelium (2). Note the inflammatory cells in the subepithelial tissue.		File:IPLab2Metaplasia4b.jpg\|A higher-power view shows more normal epithelium (1) with a transition to hyperplastic and metaplastic epithelium (2). Note the inflammatory cells in the subepithelial tissue.

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:00, 19 June 2020
Line 8:		Line 8:
	== Images ==		== Images ==
	<gallery heights="250px" widths="250px">		<gallery heights="250px" widths="250px">
	File:~~IPLab2Metaplasia1~~.jpg\|This is a low-power photomicrograph showing the full cortical and medullary thickness of the kidney. Note that there is a dilated calyx containing some red blood cells in the center of the section (arrow). The cortex is markedly thin and has severe lesions of degeneration and atrophy, although these are hard to appreciate at this low magnification.		File:IPLab2Metaplasia1b.jpg\|Gross photograph of this kidney with a stone (arrow) in the renal pelvis.
	File:~~IPLab2Metaplasia2~~.jpg\|This ~~high~~-power photomicrograph demonstrates the transitional epithelium lining the renal calyx (1) and the junction (transition zone) to a thicker hyperplastic epithelium (2). Note the inflammatory cells and increased vascular response in the stromal tissue (3) lying beneath the ~~normal transitional~~ epithelium.		File:IPLab2Metaplasia2b.jpg\|This is a low-power photomicrograph showing the full cortical and medullary thickness of the kidney. Note that there is a dilated calyx containing some red blood cells in the center of the section (arrow). The cortex is markedly thin and has severe lesions of degeneration and atrophy, although these are hard to appreciate at this low magnification.
	File:~~IPLab2Metaplasia3~~.jpg\|A higher-power view shows ~~the junction of~~ normal epithelium (1) with hyperplastic ~~transitional~~ epithelium (2). Note the inflammatory cells in the subepithelial tissue.		File:IPLab2Metaplasia3b.jpg\|This higher-power photomicrograph demonstrates the transitional epithelium lining the renal calyx (1) and the junction (transition zone) to a thicker hyperplastic epithelium (2). Note the inflammatory cells and increased vascular response in the stromal tissue (3) lying beneath the epithelium.
	File:~~IPLab2Metaplasia4.jpg\|This is a higher-power photomicrograph of the junction of normal epithelium (1) with hyperplastic transitional epithelium (2).~~		File:IPLab2Metaplasia4b.jpg\|A higher-power view shows more normal epithelium (1) with a transition to hyperplastic and metaplastic epithelium (2). Note the inflammatory cells in the subepithelial tissue.
	~~File:IPLab2Metaplasia5~~.jpg\|In areas ~~adjacent to~~ the ~~normal transitional~~ epithelium~~, there are areas~~ of epithelium (arrows) ~~where the epithelial cells have the character of normal squamous epithelium~~ as found in the dermis. However, squamous epithelium is not normal in the renal pelvis. This adaptive change is referred to as squamous metaplasia.		File:IPLab2Metaplasia5b.jpg\|In some areas the epithelium takes on morphologic characteristics of squamous epithelium (arrows) as found in the dermis. However, squamous epithelium is not normal in the renal pelvis. This adaptive change is referred to as squamous metaplasia.
	~~File:IPLab2Metaplasia6.jpg\|A high-power photomicrograph of the squamous epithelium shows inflammatory cells in the subepithelial tissue and the formation of keratinized epithelium (arrows).~~
	~~File:IPLab2Metaplasia7.jpg\|This is a photomicrograph of the trachea from a smoker. Note that the columnar ciliated epithelium has been replaced by squamous epithelium~~.
	</gallery>		</gallery>